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A chronological list of notable foundation‑model releases, newest first.
| Date | Lab | Model / Release | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JUN 16, 2026 | Zhipu AI | Z.ai (Zhipu AI) Releases Open-Source GLM-5.2 Architecture:753B MoE (40B active)Context Window:1M TokensLicense:MIT Open-SourceOptimization:IndexShare Attention | Z.ai (formerly Zhipu AI) releases GLM-5.2, its latest flagship Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model, under an unrestricted MIT open-source license. The 753B parameter model features a stable 1-million-token context window and is engineered for long-horizon coding and engineering tasks. | |
| JUN 9, 2026 | Anthropic | Anthropic Releases Claude Fable 5 & Mythos 5 Pricing:$10 / $50 per MtokFrontierCode:Highest (even at medium effort)Hebbia Finance:Highest of any modelSafety Fallback:Opus 4.8, <5% of sessions | Anthropic ships its Mythos-class frontier generation as a pair: Claude Fable 5 — the Mythos-class model made safe for general use — and Claude Mythos 5, the same underlying model with safeguards lifted in some areas, restricted to Project Glasswing partners and select biology researchers. Fable 5 falls back to Claude Opus 4.8 for cybersecurity, biology/chemistry, and distillation queries (triggered in under 5% of sessions on average); Mythos-class models carry a 30-day data-retention policy. Priced at $10 per million input tokens and $50 per million output tokens. | |
| JUN 1, 2026 | MiniMax | MiniMax Releases M3 SWE-Bench Pro:59.0% (vendor)Context:1M TokensSpeed vs M2:9x prefill / 15x decodeCost:5-10% of proprietary | MiniMax ships M3, an open-weight frontier model built on its new MSA (MiniMax Sparse Attention) architecture — a KV-block selection scheme that cuts per-token compute at long context — carrying a 1M-token context window, native multimodality, and built-in agentic coding. JD Cloud was first to host it via an OpenAI-compatible API. | |
| JUN 1, 2026 | Alibaba (Qwen) | Alibaba Launches Qwen 3.7 Plus Modalities:Text + VisionVision Arena:#16 (LM Arena)Context:1M TokensAccess:Proprietary API | Alibaba Cloud ships Qwen 3.7 Plus, the multimodal sibling to the text-only Qwen 3.7 Max. It adds image and video understanding and is tuned to balance power and speed for everyday agentic tasks. Closed-weights and API-only, the preview pushed Alibaba to a top-5 lab on LM Arena's Vision leaderboard. | |
| MAY 28, 2026 | Anthropic | Anthropic Ships Claude 4.8 Opus Focus:Agentic AutonomySWE-bench:97.4%Availability:Claude Console | Anthropic officially launches Claude 4.8 Opus, its ultimate frontier model optimized for long-horizon autonomous system execution, repository-level software engineering, and multi-step complex logic. | |
| MAY 20, 2026 | Alibaba (Qwen) | Alibaba Launches Qwen 3.7 Max Intelligence Index:56.6 (5th global)SWE-Verified:80.4%Agent Stamina:35h / 1,158 tool callsInput Price:$2.50 / 1M tokens | Alibaba Cloud unveils Qwen 3.7 Max, a proprietary, API-only 'reasoning agent' model built for long-horizon autonomous work rather than chat. With 1T+ parameters and a 1M-token context window, it ranks 5th globally on Artificial Analysis's Intelligence Index (56.6) — the highest-ranked Chinese model — and is served only through Qwen Studio and Alibaba Cloud Model Studio. | |
| MAY 19, 2026 | Google Launches Gemini 3.5 Flash Context Window:2M TokensFormat:API & Vertex AI | Google releases Gemini 3.5 Flash in general availability, showcasing significant speedups in lightweight tool-calling capabilities and ultra-low-latency workflows. | ||
| MAY 15, 2026 | xAI | xAI Releases Grok 4 Flagship Training Scale:200k GPU ClusterFocus:Real-World Alignment | xAI launches Grok 4, a major foundation upgrade incorporating advanced real-world visual logic and deep real-time tool execution, trained on the expanded Memphis 200k B200/H100 cluster. | |
| APR 25, 2026 | DeepSeek | DeepSeek V4 Released Architecture:MoECost:1/10th Frontier API | DeepSeek launches V4, a native multi-modal reasoning Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model matching frontier commercial performance at an unprecedented low cost. | |
| APR 24, 2026 | OpenAI | OpenAI Releases GPT-5.5 Focus:Enterprise AgentsBenchmark Gain:+12% Code GenList Price:2x prior modelEffective Cost:~20-30% cheaper / token | OpenAI ships GPT-5.5, introducing key updates targeting multi-agent orchestration, complex coding pipelines, and long-horizon tool execution. | |
| APR 21, 2026 | Moonshot AI | Moonshot AI Ships Kimi K2.6 Swarm Capacity:300 sub-agentsContext Length:4M Tokens | Moonshot AI launches Kimi K2.6, featuring advanced long-context coding and an elevated 'Agent Swarm' system coordinating up to 300 sub-agents. | |
| APR 17, 2026 | Anthropic | Anthropic Ships Claude Opus 4.7 Coding Benchmark:94.2% SWE-benchAvailability:Claude Console | Anthropic releases Claude Opus 4.7 as its flagship model, delivering advanced multi-step tool use, elite coding, and top-tier logical reasoning. | |
| APR 9, 2026 | Meta | Meta Superintelligence Labs Releases Muse Spark Context:4D Spatial VideoLicensing:Proprietary API | Meta launches Muse Spark, a proprietary 4D world model trained on first-person video and spatial data for advanced situational reasoning. | |
| APR 8, 2026 | Anthropic | Anthropic Previews Claude Mythos Access Tier:Project GlasswingFocus:Defensive Cyber & Safety | Anthropic announces Claude Mythos under a gated private preview, focusing on defensive cybersecurity, automated exploit analysis, and mechanistic interpretability. | |
| APR 3, 2026 | Alibaba (Qwen) | Alibaba Releases Qwen 3.6 Series Models:Plus / Max-PreviewFocus:Coding & Reasoning | Alibaba Cloud launches the Qwen 3.6 family, bringing deep structural optimizations for agentic programming and reasoning workloads. | |
| MAR 28, 2026 | Zhipu AI | Zhipu AI Launches GLM-5.1 Architecture:MoE Refinement | Zhipu AI releases GLM-5.1, bringing logical refinement and expanded coding context for enterprise Chinese API users. | |
| MAR 17, 2026 | Zhipu AI | Zhipu AI Releases GLM-5-Turbo Target Use:OpenClaw AgentsLatency:Ultra-Low | Zhipu AI rolls out GLM-5-Turbo, an optimized, fast-inference model tailored for 'OpenClaw' autonomous agent platforms. | |
| MAR 16, 2026 | MiniMax | MiniMax M2.7 Released Context:1M Tokens | MiniMax releases M2.7, offering expanded context windows and native multi-modal image-to-text generation capabilities. | |
| MAR 6, 2026 | OpenAI | OpenAI Releases GPT-5.4 Type:Consolidated Flagship | OpenAI releases GPT-5.4, a major unified flagship update incorporating critical logical execution and context pipeline improvements from the 5.3 branch. | |
| MAR 4, 2026 | OpenAI | OpenAI Launches GPT-5.3 Instant Performance:Ultra-Low Latency | OpenAI rolls out GPT-5.3 Instant, a high-speed, cost-optimized conversational and logical execution model. | |
| FEB 27, 2026 | MiniMax | MiniMax Releases M2.6 Platform Rank:Top 3 OpenRouter | MiniMax launches M2.6, bridging agentic text capability and early multi-modal context features, seeing rapid pick-up on OpenRouter developer platforms. | |
| FEB 16, 2026 | Alibaba (Qwen) | Alibaba Launches Qwen 3.5 Family Architecture:Sparse MoEFlagship Size:397B parameters | Alibaba Cloud releases Qwen 3.5, engineered for high-performance agentic MoE configurations (397B-A17B flagship MoE). | |
| FEB 12, 2026 | ByteDance | ByteDance Releases Seedance 2.0 Resolution:4K CinematicAudio Mode:Fully Synchronized | ByteDance officially launches Seedance 2.0, a unified multi-modal video/audio generation model generating highly realistic, synchronized cinema clips. | |
| FEB 12, 2026 | MiniMax | MiniMax Releases M2.5 Rank:#1 on OpenRouter | MiniMax launches M2.5, which rapidly climbs OpenRouter popularity charts, demonstrating high adoption for agentic text scenarios. | |
| FEB 11, 2026 | Zhipu AI | Zhipu AI Launches GLM-5 MoE Parameters:744B MoEHardware:Huawei Ascend | Zhipu AI releases GLM-5, a flagship 744B-parameter Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model trained entirely on sovereign Chinese hardware. | |
| FEB 5, 2026 | Google Launches Gemini 3.1 Pro Focus:Reinforcement Learning PlanningContext Length:2M Tokens | Google launches Gemini 3.1 Pro, a major agentic reasoning update to its flagship model series. Delivering native deep search execution, reinforcement-learning based planning, and substantial code-generation gains. | ||
| FEB 5, 2026 | OpenAI | OpenAI Ships GPT-5.3-Codex Focus:Software Engineering | OpenAI launches GPT-5.3-Codex, establishing elite new milestones in multi-agent logical coordination and deep code architecture mapping. | |
| FEB 5, 2026 | Anthropic | Anthropic Ships Claude Opus 4.6 Logic Score:SWE-bench +5% | Anthropic launches Claude Opus 4.6, delivering optimization bumps for agentic reasoning and complex coding workloads. | |
| JAN 27, 2026 | Moonshot AI | Moonshot AI Releases Kimi K2.5 Parameters:1T MoE | Moonshot AI launches Kimi K2.5, a 1-trillion parameter multimodal Mixture-of-Experts model powered by an advanced 'Agent Swarm' system. | |
| DEC 22, 2025 | Zhipu AI | Zhipu AI Ships GLM-4.7 Context Length:1M Tokens | Zhipu AI rolls out GLM-4.7, delivering major logic optimization, expanded context limits, and complex multi-agent orchestration tools. | |
| NOV 24, 2025 | Anthropic | Anthropic Ships Claude Opus 4.5 Context Window:500k Tokens | Anthropic rolls out Claude Opus 4.5, a mid-generation bump focused on complex long-context reasoning and reduced hallucination rates. | |
| NOV 18, 2025 | Google Launches Gemini 3 Pro Focus:Long-Horizon Planning | Google introduces Gemini 3 Pro, focusing on advanced multi-step planning, long-horizon tool execution, and deeper Google Workspace integrations. | ||
| OCT 31, 2025 | MiniMax | MiniMax Releases M2 Type:Base Model | MiniMax shifts to its next-generation foundation architecture with the release of the M2 base model. | |
| SEP 30, 2025 | Zhipu AI | Zhipu AI Releases GLM-4.6 & 4.6V Format:API & Open Weights | Zhipu AI launches GLM-4.6 alongside the multimodal 4.6V, establishing massive upgrades in multi-modal understanding, coding context, and reasoning capabilities. | |
| AUG 11, 2025 | Zhipu AI | Zhipu AI Ships GLM-4.5V Modalities:Vision-Language | Zhipu AI launches GLM-4.5V, a highly competitive open-weight vision-language model. | |
| AUG 7, 2025 | OpenAI | OpenAI Releases GPT-5 Modalities:Speech, Text, Video | OpenAI launches GPT-5, a next-generation frontier multimodal model establishing new milestones in complex logic, native video processing, and abstract reasoning. | |
| JUL 28, 2025 | Zhipu AI | Zhipu AI Releases GLM-4.5 & GLM-4.5-Air Speed:2x GLM-4 | Zhipu AI releases GLM-4.5 alongside the high-speed GLM-4.5-Air model, optimizing API cost and latency. | |
| JUL 11, 2025 | Moonshot AI | Moonshot AI Releases Kimi K2 Context Length:2M Tokens | Moonshot AI launches the foundational Kimi K2 model, establishing a massive baseline context size for long-form document processing. | |
| JUN 17, 2025 | Google Releases Gemini 2.5 Flash Focus:Low-Latency ReasoningContext Length:1M Tokens | Google ships Gemini 2.5 Flash, bringing major architectural speed and multi-lingual reasoning improvements to its widely used efficiency model. | ||
| JUN 1, 2025 | ByteDance | ByteDance Launches Seedance 1.0 Type:Video Gen | ByteDance introduces Seedance, its first-generation unified video foundation model, focusing on realistic character physics. | |
| MAY 22, 2025 | Anthropic | Anthropic Releases Claude Opus 4 & Sonnet 4 Focus:Frontier Logic & SWESWE-bench:SOTA | Anthropic unveils the Claude 4 generation, launching both the flagship Claude Opus 4 and the balanced Claude Sonnet 4. | |
| APR 29, 2025 | Alibaba (Qwen) | Alibaba Releases Qwen 3 Family Benchmark:+15% Math/Logic | Alibaba Cloud releases the Qwen 3 model family, showing dramatic logical gains and native multi-lingual reasoning benchmarks. | |
| APR 16, 2025 | OpenAI | OpenAI Launches Flagship o3 Coding:AIME 97.2% | OpenAI releases the full flagship o3 reasoning model, breaking previous records in complex physics, chemistry, coding, and mathematical benchmarks. | |
| APR 5, 2025 | Meta | Meta Releases Llama 4 Scout & Maverick Scout Size:109B (17B Active)Maverick Size:400B (17B Active) | Meta officially launches Llama 4 Scout (109B parameter MoE) and Llama 4 Maverick (400B parameter MoE), featuring advanced open-weight architectures. | |
| MAR 25, 2025 | Google Releases Gemini 2.5 Pro (Experimental) Release Type:Experimental Preview | Google launches Gemini 2.5 Pro Experimental, focusing on advanced coding reasoning and complex multi-modal analysis. | ||
| FEB 24, 2025 | Anthropic | Anthropic Launches Claude 3.7 Sonnet Thinking Mode:User-Toggled | Anthropic releases Claude 3.7 Sonnet, introducing native hybrid-reasoning capabilities, allowing users to toggle between fast-inference and deep-thinking modes. | |
| FEB 18, 2025 | xAI | xAI Releases Grok 3 Reasoning Model Cluster:100k ColossusMath Score:Frontier Parity | xAI officially launches Grok 3, demonstrating breakthrough mathematical logic and long-horizon planning performance, trained on the 100k liquid-cooled Colossus cluster in Memphis. | |
| JAN 31, 2025 | OpenAI | OpenAI Releases o3-mini Latency:Low-Latency | OpenAI releases o3-mini, providing low-latency reasoning speeds and competitive coding capabilities for developers. | |
| JAN 20, 2025 | Moonshot AI | Moonshot AI Releases Kimi K1.5 Logic Score:o1-Parity | Moonshot AI releases Kimi K1.5, claiming parity with OpenAI o1 across mathematical, logical, and coding benchmarks. | |
| JAN 20, 2025 | DeepSeek | DeepSeek Releases R1 Cost:$0.55 / M Tokens | DeepSeek launches R1, an open-source reasoning model that matches top Western proprietary APIs at an extreme fraction of the cost, disrupting global tech markets. | |
| DEC 26, 2024 | DeepSeek | DeepSeek Releases V3 Parameters:671B Total (37B Active)Pricing:$0.14 / M input tokens | DeepSeek launches DeepSeek-V3, a massive 671B parameter Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) flagship model. Delivering state-of-the-art open-source logic at commodity pricing with Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and FP8 training. | |
| DEC 6, 2024 | Meta | Meta Launches Llama 3.3 Size:70B | Meta releases Llama 3.3, upgrading the 70B model size to Llama 3.1 405B intelligence levels at significantly reduced inference cost. | |
| DEC 5, 2024 | OpenAI | OpenAI Ships Full o1 Full Release:Dec 5, 2024 | OpenAI releases the complete o1 model family, integrating deep reasoning capabilities directly into its flagship API and ChatGPT platforms. | |
| NOV 4, 2024 | Anthropic | Anthropic Ships Claude 3.5 Haiku Coding Speed:+20% | Anthropic releases Claude 3.5 Haiku globally, replacing the older Claude 3 Haiku model with significantly sharper coding skills. | |
| OCT 22, 2024 | Anthropic | Anthropic Upgrades Claude 3.5 Sonnet (v2) OSWorld Benchmark:14.9% (SOTA) | Anthropic releases an upgraded version of Claude 3.5 Sonnet ('v2') alongside a public beta of 'Computer Use' agentic functionality. | |
| SEP 25, 2024 | Meta | Meta Ships Llama 3.2 Vision & Lightweight Models Edge Sizes:1B / 3B | Meta releases Llama 3.2, introducing multimodal vision capabilities (11B/90B) and ultra-lightweight models (1B/3B) for edge devices. | |
| SEP 19, 2024 | Alibaba (Qwen) | Alibaba Launches Qwen 2.5 Family Coding Rank:Top Open-Source | Alibaba Cloud releases Qwen 2.5, establishing a highly popular open-source coding, mathematics, and multilingual benchmark family. | |
| SEP 12, 2024 | OpenAI | OpenAI Previews o1-preview & o1-mini AIME 2024 Score:83.3% | OpenAI unveils its first reinforcement-learning reasoning models, releasing o1-preview and o1-mini to ChatGPT Plus and API tiers. | |
| JUL 23, 2024 | Meta | Meta Releases Llama 3.1 405B Flagship Context window:128k TokensFlagship size:405B Parameters | Meta releases Llama 3.1, introducing the massive 405B parameter flagship alongside 8B/70B upgrades, expanding the context window to 128k. | |
| JUL 18, 2024 | OpenAI | OpenAI Ships GPT-4o-mini Pricing:$0.15 / M input tokens | OpenAI launches GPT-4o-mini as a high-speed, cost-effective multimodal model to completely replace GPT-3.5 Turbo. | |
| JUN 20, 2024 | Anthropic | Anthropic Launches Claude 3.5 Sonnet SWE-bench Verified:49.0% (SOTA) | Anthropic releases Claude 3.5 Sonnet, establishing new benchmarks in software engineering, complex logical reasoning, and chart parsing. | |
| JUN 6, 2024 | Alibaba (Qwen) | Alibaba Launches Qwen 2 Open weights Language Support:30+ Languages | Alibaba Cloud releases Qwen 2, providing multilingual open-weights models in five size variations. | |
| MAY 15, 2024 | DeepSeek | DeepSeek Releases V2 API pricing:$0.14 / M input tokens | DeepSeek releases DeepSeek-V2, introducing Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and slashing API pricing down to commodity levels. | |
| MAY 14, 2024 | Google Launches Gemini 1.5 Flash Context Window:1M Tokens | Google rolls out Gemini 1.5 Flash at Google I/O, optimized for speed and cost while retaining the signature 1-million token context window. | ||
| MAY 13, 2024 | OpenAI | OpenAI Ships GPT-4o Omnimodal model Audio Latency:232ms average | OpenAI launches GPT-4o, natively integrating real-time audio, vision, and text processing in a single fast-inference model. | |
| APR 18, 2024 | Meta | Meta Releases Llama 3 8B & 70B Training Data:15T Tokens | Meta launches Llama 3 in 8B and 70B sizes, showing huge logical gains over Llama 2 via high-quality dataset curation. | |
| APR 17, 2024 | MiniMax | MiniMax Releases abab 6.5 MoE Type:Proprietary MoE | MiniMax releases abab 6.5, bringing reasoning improvements to its proprietary MoE API line. | |
| APR 9, 2024 | OpenAI | OpenAI GPT-4 Turbo Reaches GA Context Length:128k Tokens | OpenAI releases the GA version of GPT-4 Turbo with vision (`gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09`), increasing context logic and performance. | |
| MAR 13, 2024 | Anthropic | Anthropic Claude 3 Haiku Reaches GA Speed:Low-LatencyFocus:Document Analysis | Anthropic makes Claude 3 Haiku generally available, completing its initial Claude 3 roll out with a highly efficient model. | |
| MAR 4, 2024 | Anthropic | Anthropic Ships Claude 3 Opus & Sonnet Opus context:200k Tokens | Anthropic launches the Claude 3 family, introducing the flagship Claude 3 Opus alongside the balanced Claude 3 Sonnet. | |
| FEB 15, 2024 | Google Unveils Gemini 1.5 Pro Context Length:1M - 2M Tokens | Google launches Gemini 1.5 Pro in limited preview, introducing the first native 1-million token context window in LLM history. | ||
| FEB 4, 2024 | Alibaba (Qwen) | Alibaba Launches Qwen 1.5 Series Sizes:0.5B to 72B | Alibaba Cloud releases Qwen 1.5, offering highly competitive open models in diverse parameter sizes. | |
| JAN 16, 2024 | Zhipu AI | Zhipu AI Launches GLM-4 API Bench:Early GPT-4 Parity | Zhipu AI rolls out GLM-4, offering a competitive commercial API matching early GPT-4 benchmarks. | |
| JAN 15, 2024 | MiniMax | MiniMax Releases abab 6 MoE Arch:First Chinese MoE | MiniMax releases abab 6, establishing itself as the first Chinese lab to deploy a Mixture-of-Experts architecture. | |
| DEC 6, 2023 | Google Launches Gemini 1.0 Family Ultra Benchmark:90.0% MMLU | Google introduces Gemini 1.0 in Ultra, Pro, and Nano tiers, its first native multimodal architecture designed from scratch. | ||
| NOV 6, 2023 | OpenAI | OpenAI Announces GPT-4 Turbo at DevDay Pricing:1/3rd GPT-4 cost | OpenAI announces GPT-4 Turbo in preview (`gpt-4-1106-preview`), raising context to 128k, dropping prices, and adding JSON mode. | |
| JUL 18, 2023 | Meta | Meta Launches Llama 2 Commercial open-weights Training Data:2.0T Tokens | Meta releases Llama 2 in partnership with Microsoft, offering open weights for commercial and research use across 7B, 13B, and 70B sizes. | |
| JUL 11, 2023 | Anthropic | Anthropic Ships Claude 2 Context Length:100k Tokens | Anthropic launches Claude 2, featuring a public web interface and a massive 100k token context window. | |
| MAR 14, 2023 | OpenAI | OpenAI Launches GPT-4 MMLU Score:86.4% | OpenAI releases GPT-4, setting the ultimate gold standard for reasoning, coding, professional exams, and complex instructions. | |
| MAR 14, 2023 | Anthropic | Anthropic Releases Claude 1 Safety Framework:Constitutional AI | Anthropic officially launches its first commercial model, Claude 1, emphasizing safety and helpfulness via Constitutional AI. | |
| FEB 24, 2023 | Meta | Meta Unveils Llama 1 for Research Leak Date:Late February 2023 | Meta releases its first series of open models (7B to 65B) to researchers, whose weights are quickly leaked to the public. | |
| NOV 30, 2022 | OpenAI | OpenAI Launches ChatGPT Plus GPT-3.5 User Adoption:100M in 2 months | OpenAI launches ChatGPT, a free conversational interface built on the InstructGPT (GPT-3.5) series. | |
| MAR 15, 2022 | OpenAI | OpenAI Releases InstructGPT text-davinci-002 Alignment Mode:RLHF | OpenAI rolls out InstructGPT models, utilizing RLHF to align model outputs with human instructions. | |
| JUN 11, 2020 | OpenAI | OpenAI Announces GPT-3 API Private Beta Parameters:175B | OpenAI releases the commercial API private beta for GPT-3 (175B parameters), showcasing early in-context learning. |
Pacing of the frontier model releases, pooled across all labs and broken down per lab. Gaps represent actual days between consecutive frontier launches.
Chronological feed of the 10 most recent releases across all tracked labs